Peptide Therapy

What is it?

Peptides are small proteins comprised of short chains of amino acids that act as targeted signaling molecules. By attaching to receptor proteins on the surface of certain cells, peptides will stimulate specific affects which alters how that cell responds to certain stimuli.

There are over 7000 known peptides in our bodies which direct an enormous number of different bodily functions ranging from hormone production, tissue and muscle repair, immune modulation, brain and central nervous system health, libido and sexual arousal, weight loss, inflammation reduction, DNA repair and aging and direct anti-microbial effects.

While somewhat new to the US market, peptide therapy has been gaining rapid interest due to its extraordinary high levels of safety and uniquely specific effects. As opposed to hormones, which generate broader and more global effects, peptide signaling results in more rapid and precise tissue-selective effects with minimal to no risk or side effects.

What conditions can it treat?

Given that peptides act to stimulate very specific and targeted effects in the body, their range of therapeutic benefit is equally as broad. As such, the list of potential conditions is nearly infinite. Peptides can potentiate the effectiveness of many other treatments as well as enhance overall wellness, optimize body image and improve how we age both physically and cognitively. A short list of known benefits include:

• Immune modulation
• Chronic bacterial, viral and fungal infections including Lyme disease
• Inflammation in the body and the GI tract
• Insomnia
• Joint and muscle repair and recovery
• Cognitive dysfunction, memory decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s
• Neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s and MS
• Anxiety, depression and ADHD
• Libido, erectile function and sexual arousal
• Muscle building, weight loss and tanning
• Cancer
• Anti-Aging and Telomere lengthening
• Growth hormone stimulation

What are the different types of Peptides?

Since peptide therapy can be used to address such a wide array of conditions from immune modulation to tissue repair to cognitive dysfunction, the choice of which therapy to use must be done based on your individual needs. In general, these treatments are best utilized as part of a more comprehensive wellness plan and can be discussed with one of the treating physicians at Bear Creek Naturopathic Clinic.  

Some of the peptides that are more commonly used include:

BPC-157 – BPC-157 is a naturally occurring peptide found in human gastric juice, composed of 15 amino acids, and is renowned for its powerful healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Available both orally and as an injection, BPC-157 is widely used to accelerate tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and promote recovery from a variety of conditions, including tendinopathy, gastric ulcers, and general inflammatory states. Research has also shown its potential in supporting cardiovascular health by protecting blood vessels, improving circulation, and reducing damage from cardiovascular events. Additionally, BPC-157 offers neuroprotective benefits, helping to safeguard the nervous system and promote recovery from neurological injuries. Its versatility and safety make it a valuable therapeutic option for patients seeking enhanced healing, inflammation control, and cardiovascular support.

Thymosin Beta-4 (TB4) –  Thymosin beta 4 (TB4) is a naturally occurring peptide found in nearly all human cells, known for its significant role in tissue healing, regeneration, and immune modulation. TB4 speeds up wound and tissue repair by promoting cell migration, new blood vessel growth, and tissue regeneration, while its anti-inflammatory effects help reduce both acute and chronic inflammation. It also supports immune health by enhancing T cell activity and providing anti-viral and anti-microbial benefits, aiding recovery from infections and chronic illness. In the gut, TB4 promotes mucosal healing and protects against gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, it helps prevent and treat fibrosis by reducing scar tissue formation and maintaining tissue flexibility. Clinical and experimental studies highlight TB4’s benefits in recovery from injuries, surgeries, chronic disease, and even cardiovascular and neurological conditions, making it a valuable tool in regenerative medicine and health maintenance.

Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) – Thymosin alpha 1 is a naturally occurring peptide found in the thymus gland, consisting of 28 amino acids that play an active role in promoting cell-mediated immune health while balancing adaptive immune inflammation. By enhancing the activity and maturation of key immune cells such as T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and regulating cytokine production, thymosin alpha 1 helps the body fight chronic infections—including hepatitis, HIV, and vector-borne illnesses like chronic Lyme disease—while supporting healthy immune function in those with immune deficiencies or imbalances. In patients with chronic Lyme disease, thymosin alpha 1 assists the immune system in identifying and eradicating Lyme bacteria and infected cells, reduces chronic inflammation, and helps prevent oxidative damage, thereby improving quality of life throughout treatment. It also helps modulate excessive immune responses, making it beneficial as an adjunct therapy for certain autoimmune or auto-immune-like disorders. Thymosin alpha 1 is typically administered by subcutaneous injection and has a well-established safety record in clinical studies, with use in over 35 countries for immune-related conditions.

Amlexonox – Is a small-molecule therapeutic agent with a broad range of pharmacological applications, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic/histamine, and anti-cancer properties. Initially developed and used for the treatment of aphthous ulcers, amlexanox has garnered attention for its potential applications in various other medical conditions involving reactive inflammatory responses, metabolic dysfunction and mast cell activation syndrome.

LL-37– Is an essential naturally occuring antimicrobial peptide which belongs to the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. LL-37 is expressed in numerous cells and tissues such as circulating neutrophils, bone marrow, epithelial cells of the skin, goblet cells in the nasopharynx, the gastrointestinal tract, the epididymis and the lungs. LL-37 plays an important role in the first line of defense against infection and systemic invasion of pathogens at sites of inflammation and wound. It has shown benefit against viral and bacterial infection and research has shown it to be an effective treatment against Borrelia, the causative bacteria in Lyme disease.

Semaglutide Is an advanced GLP-1 receptor agonist that not only supports significant weight loss but also improves blood sugar control and metabolic health. It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce markers of chronic inflammation and support cardiovascular wellness. Additionally, semaglutide enhances cellular energy utilization and may aid in overall recovery by improving insulin sensitivity and supporting healthy mitochondrial function.

Tirzepatide Is a novel dual-action peptide that targets both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, resulting in superior weight loss and metabolic improvements compared to single-agent therapies. Beyond weight management, tirzepatide has been shown to reduce inflammation, optimize glucose and lipid metabolism, and promote better cellular energy balance. These combined benefits contribute to enhanced recovery, improved vitality, and long-term cardiometabolic health.

Rapamycin – Rapamycin is a groundbreaking medication with robust senolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising therapy for aging, chronic illness, and immune dysregulation. By inhibiting the mTOR pathway, rapamycin shifts cellular activity from growth to repair, promoting autophagy and mitophagy—processes that clear dysfunctional mitochondria and intracellular biotoxins. This action not only improves mitochondrial function and intracellular immunity but also enhances energy levels, motor endurance, and overall cellular communication and physiology. Rapamycin also upregulates NRF2, a key antioxidant regulator, further supporting the removal of cellular debris and protecting against oxidative stress. Clinical and anecdotal evidence suggests that rapamycin can help patients with chronic conditions such as ME/CFS and long COVID experience significant improvements in energy and functional capacity. Additionally, rapamycin reduces the accumulation of senescent cells and their inflammatory secretions (SASP), modulates the immune system toward a more balanced state, and supports organ and metabolic health. Collectively, these effects contribute to improved health span, longevity, and overall vitality.

Semax – Semax, like ACTH/MSH-like peptides (melanocortins), exerts a wide range of non-hormonal effects as part of its broader spectrum of actions. This class of peptides control many behaviors such as regulating attention, processes of learning, and memory formation as a result of their pronounced effect on CNS functions. Currently this peptide is most successfully used in treatment of patients with pathologies related to brain circulation dysfunction and with different intellectual- amnestic problems of the CNS such as; anxiety, memory improvement, ischemic events, stroke, nerve regeneration, ADHD, opioid withdrawal, and even chronic diseases such as ALS, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s. In higher doses, it can have prominent anti-inflammatory benefits as well.

Cerebrolysin – Is a clinically proven neuropeptide therapy made of low-molecular-weight peptides that cross the blood-brain barrier, making it highly effective for a wide range of neurologic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Delivered via SQ, IM, or IV injection, Cerebrolysin provides powerful neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory effects that aid recovery from neurologic injury, neuroinflammation, autoimmune encephalitis, PANS/PANDAS, and neurocognitive disorders. Its multimodal mechanism promotes neurotrophic stimulation, enhances neuroplasticity, and supports neuron and glial cell repair by increasing neurotrophic factors like BDNF, activating key pathways, and boosting neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. Cerebrolysin also protects the brain’s vasculature by reducing inflammation, stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, and maintaining vascular integrity. Research shows it reduces neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microglial activation, helping preserve neuronal structure and function while supporting cognitive and motor recovery in conditions like stroke, TBI, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS, and ALS. By amplifying natural brain repair processes and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, Cerebrolysin offers comprehensive neurorestorative benefits, making it a leading choice for advanced neurological care.

NAD – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a universal cellular electron transporter, coenzyme, and signaling molecule present in all cells of the body and is essential for cell function and viability. Injectable NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), whether administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or subcutaneously (SQ), rapidly replenishes cellular NAD+ levels, supporting optimal brain and nervous system health. These therapies enhance cognitive function, mental clarity, and mood by boosting neurotransmitter production, promoting neuronal repair, and reducing neuroinflammation. At the cellular level, NAD+ injections drive mitochondrial energy production, DNA repair, and detoxification, which are crucial for recovery from chronic illness and for slowing cellular aging. Patients often report increased vitality, faster recovery, and improved resilience to stress and fatigue, making NAD+ therapy a valuable adjunct for those seeking enhanced CNS recovery, cellular function, and overall wellness

Epitalon – Is the synthetic version of the polypeptide Epithalamin which is naturally produced and secreted by the pineal gland in the epithalamium-epiphyseal region of the brain. Epitalon has shown promise in extending lifespan, preventing cancer, modulating immune responses, and reducing oxidative stress. These findings support its potential as a therapeutic agent for age-related conditions and cancer prevention. As an upstream bioregulator to the entire neuroendocrine system it synergizes well with melanocortin peptides, VIP and thymic peptides to support long-term recovery and sustained health.

Pinealon – Pinealon Acetate is a groundbreaking synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg, or EDR) designed to deliver powerful neuroprotective and anti-aging benefits by directly targeting the central nervous system. Its unique structure allows Pinealon to cross the blood-brain barrier and cellular membranes, enabling it to influence DNA activity and promote cellular resilience. Pinealon operates through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress, preventing neuronal cell death, and supporting healthy brain function—making it a promising therapy for recovery from neuroinflammatory illnesses, brain injuries, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and cognitive decline. Clinically, Pinealon has demonstrated benefits in enhancing memory, focus, and mood, reducing fatigue, and supporting muscle and cardiac health, while also promoting anti-aging effects by protecting DNA and extending telomere length. Additionally, Pinealon helps regulate sleep cycles through pineal gland activation and may improve recovery and cognitive outcomes in both adults and prenatal development, offering comprehensive support for brain health, longevity, and overall vitality.

Dihexa – Dihexa is an innovative peptide derived from angiotensin IV, designed to support and enhance cognitive function and support neurogenesis. It has been shown to dramatically improve learning, memory acquisition, and recall, making it a promising candidate for addressing cognitive decline associated with diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Remarkably, Dihexa exhibits neurotrophic activity that is seven orders of magnitude more potent than brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key molecule in brain repair and synaptic plasticity. Supplementation of Dihexa may provide significant benefit in repairing and regenerating neural pathways, supporting recovery after brain injury, and protecting against ongoing neuroinflammation. Early research also indicates its potential to enhance synaptic connectivity, promote neuronal survival, and improve overall brain resilience, offering new hope for patients seeking advanced support for cognitive health and recovery from neurological illness.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) – Is a neuropeptide with significant therapeutic potential across various medical conditions due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. It acts as both a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter, promoting healthy blood flow, regulating smooth muscle and epithelial function in the GI tract, and supporting cell-to-cell communication throughout the body. As a neurohormone, VIP plays a critical role in healing damaged areas of the central nervous system, reducing inflammation, and balancing immune responses. Clinical studies in patients with Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS) have demonstrated VIP’s ability to reduce persistent symptoms, normalize key inflammatory and hormonal markers, restore healthy blood pressure during exercise, and significantly improve quality of life. Additionally, VIP therapy has been shown to correct T-regulatory cell function, highlighting its unique ability to modulate both innate and adaptive immunity for comprehensive inflammatory and immune support.

PE-22-28 – Is a groundbreaking peptide therapy with remarkable promise for treating major depressive disorder, mood regulation, and cognitive enhancement. As a synthetic derivative of the natural protein Spadin, PE-22-28 works by specifically blocking the TREK-1 potassium channel—a key target in depression—thereby stabilizing mood and enhancing brain function in areas critical for memory and learning. Unlike traditional antidepressants, PE-22-28 rapidly induces neurogenesis, leading to quicker recovery from depressive symptoms, and has demonstrated effective antidepressant and cognitive benefits in preclinical studies, with fewer side effects. Beyond mood support, PE-22-28 also aids in stroke recovery, improves muscle function, and shows potential in managing neurodegenerative diseases, making it an innovative and versatile option for comprehensive neurological and mental health care.

Selank– Is a is a versatile ACTH/MSH-like synthetic peptide derived from tuftsin, a natural immunomodulatory peptide. It has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in the realms of anxiolytic and cognitive-enhancing effects. Traditionally used for anxiety and depression, it is also effective in immune modulation, anticoagulation, PTSD, ADHD, and metabolic syndrome. It enhances memory and learning without the side effects associated with traditional tranquilizers, such as amnesia or dependence. Clinical studies have shown that Selank can help prevent weight gain, improve metabolic health by lowering blood glucose, and support the body’s natural anticoagulation system, making it a valuable option for those at risk of metabolic syndrome. Selank offers broad-spectrum benefits for both mental and physical health and can be an effective aid during opioid or alcohol withdrawal.

MOTS-c – Is a cutting-edge, mitochondrial-derived peptide that plays a vital role in supporting metabolic health, cellular energy, and overall resilience to stress. By translocating to the cell nucleus in response to metabolic challenges, MOTS-c helps regulate gene expression to enhance mitochondrial function, promote mitophagy (the removal of damaged mitochondria), and optimize cellular recovery. Clinically, MOTS-c has been shown to support cardiovascular health, improve exercise performance, and accelerate recovery from chronic illness by boosting energy production and protecting cells under stress. It is widely used by athletes for performance and endurance, assists in weight management by regulating muscle and fat metabolism, and offers promising benefits for longevity and healthy aging.

Aicar – Is a powerful nucleotide analog and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist that plays a vital role in regulating cellular energy balance. By mimicking AMP, AICAR activates key metabolic pathways that boost glucose uptake, enhance fatty acid oxidation, and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis—resulting in improved mitochondrial function and increased mitochondrial density throughout the body. These effects make AICAR a promising therapy for enhancing endurance, stamina, and fat metabolism, as well as supporting neuroprotective and cardioprotective benefits. Importantly, by optimizing mitochondrial health, AICAR may also aid in recovery from chronic illness, helping restore cellular energy, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote overall metabolic resilience.

Melanotan– Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), a key hormone in the melanocortin system that plays a crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. By activating MC-1, MC-3, and MC-4 receptors on immune cells and hypothalamic neurons, Melanotan II exerts powerful immunomodulatory effects, including the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. It also blocks inflammatory signaling pathways, protects against collagen degradation in the brain, and reduces oxidative stress caused by bacterial endotoxins. Additionally, Melanotan II supports regulatory T cell function and helps calm the innate immune response, promoting improved immune tolerance and reducing excessive inflammation. Research has also highlighted Melanotan II’s unique neuroprotective properties, particularly its role in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, making it a promising option for neurological recovery. Furthermore, Melanotan II has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Clinical models of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and brain inflammation have shown that Melanotan II can deliver anti-inflammatory benefits comparable to steroids like prednisolone, but without the associated side effects, offering advanced support for immune, neurological, and sexual health.

KPV– Is a therapeutic peptide with broad systemic anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. As a C-terminal fragment of alpha-MSH, KPV does not increase skin pigmentation via melanin deposition like Melanotan II. It has been shown to effectively suppresses key inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-kB activation and TNF-alpha synthesis, while promoting the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This dual action helps to balance the immune response and reduce inflammation throughout the body, making KPV a promising option for a variety of inflammatory and immune-related conditions. Recognized for its ability to regulate tight junctions and support the integrity of the intestinal barrier, it can be particularly beneficial in conditions such as celiac disease, leaky gut, and acute pancreatitis. Additionally, KPV has demonstrated antimicrobial effects, further supporting its role in enhancing immune defense and promoting overall systemic health.

PT-141 – PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, is a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that acts on melanocortin receptors in the central nervous system to directly enhance sexual arousal, desire, and satisfaction. Unlike traditional medications for sexual dysfunction that work through the vascular system, PT-141 increases sexual desire by acting on the nervous system, making it effective for both men and women. Notably, PT-141 has no known contraindications and is particularly beneficial for men who do not respond to Viagra or Cialis, with studies showing an 80% effectiveness rate in this group. For women, clinical trials have demonstrated a 50% increase in sexually satisfying experiences, along with significant improvements in sexual desire and reductions in distress related to low sexual desire. PT-141 is a promising, innovative option for treating erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire disorder, offering a safe and effective solution for individuals seeking to improve their sexual health and quality of life.

GHRP/GHRH Peptides – Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs)—including Tesamorelin, Ipamorelin, CJC-1295, Hexarelin, Ibutamorelin (MK-677), and Sermorelin—are used to naturally stimulate the body’s own growth hormone (GH) production. These peptides promote anabolic function by increasing lean muscle mass, strength, and muscle fiber repair through elevated GH and IGF-1 levels, which drive protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy. They also accelerate recovery from chronic illness and injury by enhancing connective tissue healing, collagen synthesis, and tissue regeneration, making them valuable for restoration of health, rehabilitation and post-surgical and tissue recovery. At the cellular level, GHRH and GHRPs support mitochondrial health and cellular repair, contributing to improved energy metabolism and resilience. Neurologically, these peptides can positively influence cognitive function and autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance, partly through GH’s neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects. Their anti-inflammatory properties help reduce systemic inflammation, further supporting recovery and health maintenance. Collectively, by restoring youthful GH pulsatility, these peptides are associated with improved body composition, enhanced physical performance, and potential longevity benefits, including reduced morbidity and improved quality of life as part of healthy aging strategies.